方法就是方法,它最终无法取代刻苦的学习.
第1部分整体建议
1.We'dbetterdevelopourinterestinEnglishatthebeginningofourstudy.TodevelopinterestinEnglishstudyisnotveryhard.WemayhavethefeelingofsatisfactionandachievementfromourEnglishstudywhenweareabletosaysomethingsimpleinEnglish,talkwithothersorforeignersinEnglishandactasothers'interpreters.
在英语学习之初,我们应该注重培养对英语学习的兴趣.培养对英语的兴趣并不难.当我们可以说点儿简单的英语,用英语与别人或与老外交谈,或作别人的翻译时,我们就可以从英语学习中得到满足感和成就感,这样,兴趣就培养起来了.请注意,这种满足感和成就感很重要!
2.Plansarealwaysveryessential,sowemustmakesomeelaborateandworkableplansbeforestudy.Andweshouldcertainlycarryouttheseplanstotheletter.
制定英语学习计划太重要了,所以我们必须在学习前制定精细的和可操作的计划.并且我们一定要严格执行这些计划.请注意:千万不要干没有计划的傻事,那等于在浪费生命.
3.Notesshouldbemadewheneverwestudyanybook.Wemayfollowthisadvice:Don'treadbookwithoutmakingnotes.Asweknowthatnotesarethesummarization,thecorecontent,ourunderstandingandtheabbreviationsofthebooks.Ournotesaremuchthinnerthanthebookssothatwecanlearnthembyhearteasierandcanoftenreviewandreadthem.Wemayalsorecordournotesontapessoastooftenlistentothemeasier,todeepenourimpressionandtolightenourburdenofmemory.Sometimesitisneedfultodrawsometablesandillustrationsthatareveryimpressive,visualandconcise.
无论学习什么,我们都要作笔记.我们可以参照下面的忠告:不作笔记就不要读书.如您所知,笔记是我们对所学课本的总结,中心内容,我们的理解和课本的缩略.笔记要比课本薄的多,我们可以较容易的记忆和经常复习他们.更胜一畴的做法是把笔记录成音,这样我们可以经常听一听来加深印象和减轻记忆负担.
4.WatchingEnglishmovies,EnglishTVprograms,listeningtoEnglishsongsandlearnEnglishonsomespecialoccasionsarealsoexcellentandvividEnglishlearningwaysaswemaycombineEnglishwithsomecertainscenestodeepenourmemory.
看英文电影,收看英语电视节目,听英文歌曲和在某些特定场景学习英语也是很棒和很生动的英语学习方式,因为这样我们可以把所学英语与某些特定的场景联系起来以加深记忆.
5.NeverjustmemorizesingleEnglishwords.Learnbyheartthewholesentencesandthephrasesthatcontainthenewwordssowemayknowhowtousethewords.
请不要孤立地背英语单词.请背记包含生词的句子或词组,这样我们才真正能运用这些词汇,而且印象更深.
6.Iftimepermits,wemayreadMiniChinese-Englishdictionarycarefullyfromcovertocover,whichmayhelpuswidenoursightandmasterknowledgeinallaspects.
如果时间允许,通读小小汉英字典对于英语学习也帮助很大.他能帮助我们扩大视野并全方位地掌握所学知识.
7.ExcellentpersonalityisoneofthedecisivefactorsinEnglishstudy.Persistence,patience,self-confidenceanddeterminationarebadlyneeded.
优秀的性格也是英语学习的关键因素之一,坚持,忍耐,自信和坚定都是很重要的.当然如果兴趣培养得好,可适当削弱这方面的要求.
Part2Detailedmethods(第2部分具体方法)
1.OralEnglish:(口语学习)
A.WestudyspokenEnglishsoastomakeoralcommunications,sothisorderofimportanceoforalEnglishstudyshouldbefollowed:Fluency,Accuracy,andAppropriateness.Thatistosay,wehavetopaymoreattentiontopracticalcommunicatingabilityinsteadofonlylayingemphasisonthegrammaticalcorrectness.
我们学习口语目的是为了与别人进行交流,所以英语口语中的几个要素的重要次序应为:流利-准确-恰当.
B.TrytofindsomepartnerspracticingoralEnglishtogetherandEnglishcornerisagoodplaceaswherewemayexchangeEnglishstudyexperience,widenoursightandimproveinterestinEnglish.
努力寻找学伴一起练习口语.英语角是个不错的地方,在那我们不但可以练习口语,还可以交流英语学习经验,开拓视野,提高英语学习兴趣.
C.IfEnglishpartnersarenoteasytoget,thenwehavetocreateanEnglishenvironmentourselvesbyspeakingEnglishtoourselves.
如果找不到学伴或参加英语角的机会很少,那么就需要通过自己对自己将英语来创造英语环境.比如对自己描述所看到的景物,英语口述自己正在作的事情.
D.Thismethodisveryeffectiveandeasytoinsiston--interpretingChinese-Englishnovelsorbooks.FirstwereadtheChinesepartsandthentrytointerpretthemintoEnglishandthencompareourinterpretationwiththeoriginalversionsinthenovelsorbookssothatwecanfindoutthemistakes,shortcomingsandprogressesinourinterpretation.
这种方法非常有效且很容易坚持---口译汉英对照(或英汉对照)的小说或其它读物.首先我们先读汉语部分,然后逐句直接口译成英文,完成一小段后,去看书上的对应英文部分并与我们的口译进行比较,我们马上可以发现我们口译的错误,缺点和进步.
请注意:开始要选择较简单的读物.
这样作的好处:
1.自己就可以练习口语,想练多久,就练多久.
2.始终有一位高级教师指出您的不足和错误---英文原文.
3.题材范围极广,可以突破我们自己的思维禁锢,比如我们总是喜欢谈论我们自己熟悉的话题,所以我们总是在练习相同的语言,进步当然就缓慢了.
4.选择小说,幽默故事或好的短文阅读,使我们有足够的兴趣坚持下去.
5.有一些我们在直接学习英语课文时被我们熟视无睹的地道的英语用法会被此法发掘出来.
6.对所学知识和所犯错误印象深刻.这等于我们一直在作汉译英练习,很多英文译文是我们费尽心思憋出来的,所以印象相当深刻.比直接学习英文课文印象要深的多.
E.Interpretingwhatyouhear---ChangingRoles:Threepeoplemakeagroup:onespeaksChinese,onespeaksEnglishactingastheforeigner,oneactsasinterpreter.Thenchangeroles.Thisisagoodinterpretingtrainingmethodandisgoodforstudyingfromoneanother.Inaddition,itmayimprovetherespondingabilityandspeedofstudents.Theadvancedstageofthismethodissimultaneousinterpretation.
听译法-角色互换:三人一组,模拟翻译实战.一人将汉语,一人将英语,扮演老外,一人作翻译.练习一段时间后互换角色.这是一种非常好的翻译训练方法,也是很好的相互学习,取长补短的方法.而且可大大提高反应速度和能力.此法的高级阶段为同声传译,我们可以在听广播或看电视或开会时,把所听内容口译英文.
F.Oralcompositionand3-minutetrainingmethod:Thismethodissuitableforintensetraining.Makinganoralcompositionaboutacertaintopicforoneminutethefirsttimeandrecordthecompositionontapeatthesametime.Thenlistentothecompositionandfindouttheroomforimprovement.Thenmakethesamecompositionfortwominutesforthesecondtimeandalsorecordit.Andatlastrepeattheabove-mentionedforthreeminutes.
口语作文和3分钟训练法:此法适用于强化训练.找好一个题目作一分钟的口语作文,同时将其录音.听录音,找出不足和错误,就此题目再作两分钟的的口语作文,同样录音,再听并找出不足与进步,继续作三分钟口语作文.这是高级口语训练,效果不俗.
G.Retellingexercise:RetellsomearticlesorEnglishstoriesinourownwords.
复述练习:用自己的话口语复述我们所听的英语故事或文章.
H.Ifpossible,wemayreadsomeEnglishtonguetwistersloudlyandquicklywithoneortwocakesofcandyinourmouth(justastheChinesecross-talkactorsdo.)totrainouroralcavitymuscleandtonguessuitableforEnglishpronunciation.
如果可能我们也可以大声且快速朗读英文绕口令(就象相声演员练嘴),还可以同时口中含块糖以加大强化训练的力度.这样来强我们的口腔肌肉迅速适应英文发音,使我们的口语相当流利,清晰,而且还有自信.例如:
☆Abigblackbugbitthebackofabigblackbear.Thebigblackbearbitbackthebigblackbug.
☆Thisfishhasathinfin;Thatfishhasafatfin;
Thisfishisafishthathasathinnerfinthanthatfish.
I.PayingmoreattentiontophrasesandsmallwordsasonemajorshortcomingofChineseEnglish(especiallyChineseoralEnglish)isthatChinesestudentstendtousebigwordsintheirorallanguage,buttheidiomaticoralEnglishisabundantwithshort,activeandvividphrases.Andmostofsuchphrasesaremadeofsmallwords.
特别注意短语(词组)和小词的运用,中国式的英语尤其是口语一个很大的缺点就是中国学生喜欢用大词,而真正地道的英语口语确是充满着短小,活泼,生动的短语,富有生气.而这些短语大部分有小词构成.
J.OralEnglishhasitsownfeatures,butitiscloselycombinedwithotheraspectsofEnglish,forexample,writingmaymakeoralEnglishpreciseandaccurate.
口语随自有特色,但与英语的其它方面紧密相连.比如,经常练习写作,可是口语精密,准确.
2.Listeningcomprehension:(听力)
A.WemayimproveourauralabilitybyspeakingEnglishinthenativeandidiomaticway.Thepronunciation,intonationandsentencestructureshouldnotbeinChinesestyle.
可以通过讲地道的口语来提高听力.发音,语调和句子结构请不要中国化.既然能说出来,当然能听懂.当然这样作有点难.
B.Keepingarelaxed,naturalandsteadymoodwhenlisteningtosomematerials.Namely,toestablishself-confidenceandtodevelopexcellentpsychologicalqualityareessentialintheimprovementofauralability.
在作听力练习时,力求保持放松,自然和稳定的心态.即建立自信心和培养良好的心理素质在听力提高中致关重要.
C.Wemaymakesomesimplenoteswhilelistening,forexamples,thenamesofpeopleandplaces,time,age,distance,occupation,figuresandsoontogetabetterunderstandingofthecontent.
在作听力练习时,我们可以作些简单的笔记,例如人名,地名,时间,年龄,职业,数字等以便更好地理解材料.当然还要以听为主.
D.Catchingthedriftofthecontentinsteadofunderstandingeverywordandneverwastetoomuchtimeonsinglewords.
作听力练习要重材料大意,而不要力求听懂每个词,不要在单个词上浪费太多时间.
E.PaycloseattentiontoCONCESSIONandTRANSITIONsoastocorrectlyunderstandtheattitudesofthespeakers.Thefollowingwordsaremostimportant:eventhough,evenso,inspiteof,unless,although,nomatter,however,whatever,no,nor,neither…nor,but….
密切注意听力材料中的让步与转折以便正确把握说话人的态度.特别关注这些词:eventhough,evenso,inspiteof,unless,although,nomatter,however,whatever,no,nor,neither…nor,but….
F.Ifwemaylearnbyheartnewwordsbylisteningsomewordtapes,theresultsmustbesatisfactory.
在背记生词时,如果能听词汇磁带,那么对听力提高也很有好处.
3.Readingskills:(阅读)
a.IntensiveReading:Whenwereadtheintensivearticles,weshouldmakenotesofthenewwordsandphrasesandgoodsentences.Afterreadingthem,wemayaskourselvessomequestionsaboutthembyusingsuchwords:Who,What,Why,WhenandWhere.Thentrytoanswertheminourownwords.
精读:在精读课文时,我们要把生词,词组,句型做成笔记.读后要试着用这些疑问词提问自己:谁,什么,何时,何地且努力用自己的话来回答.
b.Extensivereading:Wemusttrainourabilitytoscan,skipandreadfast.Namely,theabilitytocatchthekeywords,thetopicsentencesandthedriftofthearticles.
泛读:要培养浏览,跳读和快读的能力.即抓住关键词,主题句和中心大意的能力.
c.Readingspeed:Threewaystoimproveourreadingspeed:1)Readingthearticlesfromthebeginningtotheendwithoutintervalssotocatchtheroughideaofthearticlesonthewhole.Neverwastetoomuchtimeonsomenewwordsandsinglesentences.2）Wemaykeeptimewhenreadingarticles.3)Whenreadingarticles,wecanpointatthewordswithourfingerorpenpointandoureyesmovewiththefingerquicklysothatweareabletoreadveryfast.
阅读速度:三种方法提高我们的阅读速度:1.先从头至尾不间断地通读课文以抓住课文大意.不要在单个词或单句上浪费太多时间.2.阅读时计时.3.阅读时用手指或笔尖指向文章字句并快速移动来迫使我们的眼睛快速随手指或笔尖移动来强化我们的阅读速度.
d.Newspaperasgoodreadingmaterialscanwidenoursightandrichenourknowledge.
多读报,多受益:开阔视野,丰富知识,学习流行词语和英语最新发展.
4.Writingskills.(写作)
a.Wehavetoaccumulateabundantmaterialsbeforewewritesomething,say,learningbyheartcrowdsofarticles.
写作需要有很多素材,积累素材很重要.要多背课文.
b.Trytoexpressonemeaninginvariousways.
努力用多种方式表达一种意思.
c.KeepingEnglishdiaryifpossible.
写英语日记.
a)Preparesomenewwords,expressionsandgoodsentencestobeusedbeforewritingsomething.
在写作前准备一些要用的好词汇,好句子.
b)WemayalsomakesomeEnglishpenpalstoestablishEnglishcommunicationrelationshipthroughsomemedialikenewspaperandmagazines.
结交英语笔友,写英文信.这种方法容易坚持,还很有意思.不仿一试,好处多多.